集体化时期的分配制度与人口生育——以日照市东村为中心（1949～1973）

过去关于集体化时期高生育率研究着重于家庭经济支撑能力对生育的影响，认为子女的经济效用刺激了家庭的普遍多育。本文通过实证材料分时段、分家庭人口结构具体分析了集体化时期子女的经济效用，发现在整个集体化时期多生孩子对家庭经济支撑能力的贡献并不明显.进一步分析发现，不是“财富流”而是集体财富的分配模式成为影响家庭生育的重要因素，具体体现在“吃大锅饭”对家庭经济支撑模式所产生的影响。20世纪60年代中后期普遍多育的表象下面涌动着节育的要求，生育意愿的代际差异逐渐呈现。

Distribution System and Birth Rate in the Collectivization Period: A Case Study of Dong Village, Shandong Province(1949-1973)

Previous studies of the high birth rate during the collectivization period in rural China have been focused on how the number of children helped towards the family＇s financial support, and have arrived at the conclusion that it was the economic utility of children that had stimulated high birth rate. This paper analyses the economic utility of children in the collectivization period by sorting out materials with regard to family structures from family to family and from time to time. It is found that high birth rate had no significant contribution to the financial well-being of the family. Further analysis shows that the important factor that affected birth rate was not the ＂flow of wealth＂ but rather the distribution mode of collective goods. To be more specific, it was the practice of ＂eating from the collective big pot＂ which affected the way the family was financially supported. Behind the phenomenon of high birth rate, there was actually a demand for birth control, and later generations gradually showed a diminished will for large progeny. Keywords： collectivization, distribution, birth rate