平台经济反垄断的历史嬗变与应然理路——以平台“二选一”为例

传统垄断的认定经历了从“行为论”到“结果论”的认知演变，而平台垄断的认定逐渐从“静态认定”发展到“动态判断”。以平台经营者“二选一”行为为样本，可以把握平台反垄断实践中的现实状况。“二选一”行为属于《反垄断法》规定的限定交易行为，但是平台经营的多边市场已经不同于《反垄断法》制定时的市场环境，《反垄断法》的规则在平台“滥用市场支配地位”的认定上略显局限性，且在反垄断监管中也存在忽视平台特殊性的现象。应当完善平台反垄断的规范体系，在审慎监管的理念下促进平台创新，并优化平台反垄断的监管方式，采取科学的方法认定相关市场，从而提升平台治理的实效。

Historical Transformation and Contingent Reasoning of Antitrust in Platform Economy—Taking the example of “two choices for one” on platforms

The determination of monopoly has experienced a cognitive evolution from “behavioral theory” to “result theory”, while the determination of platform monopoly has gradually developed from “static determination” to “dynamic judgment”. Taking the platform operator’s “two choices” behavior as a sample, it can grasp the platform antitrust as a new form of monopoly. The behavior of “two choices” belongs to the limited transaction behavior stipulated in the Antimonopoly Law, but the multilateral market operated by the platform is different from the market environment at the time when the Antimonopoly Law was enacted. Further, the rules of the Antimonopoly Law are in shortage in determining the “abuse of dominant position in the market” of the platform. Rules apply to monopoly do not necessarily apply to platform monopoly. Therefore, It is necessary to improve the normative system of platform antitrust, promote platform innovation under the principles of prudent supervision, optimize the supervision method of platform antitrust, and adopt a scientific method to identify the relevant market, so as to enhance the effectiveness of platform governance.