战略联盟的存在机理及其生命周期管理

战略联盟是企业间以价值链为纽带,以核心能力为基础展开的同盟搏弈.国内外学者对战略联盟的解释多借助于价值链理论、交易费用理论、博弈论和网络战略理论.尽管学界对战略联盟的生命周期少有论及,但作为“市场化组织”,战略联盟与其他生物体一样,具有自己的生命周期.论文根据战略联盟演绎进程和阶段性工作重点的差异,将其分为酝酿与组建期、震荡与磨合期、规范运作与联盟任务执行期以及联盟的解散与“升华”四个阶段,各阶段工作中心不同,风险存在差异.战略联盟具有“竞合”性质,联盟成员间合作博弈和非合作博弈共存.联盟成员的机会主义和欺诈悖德行为贯穿联盟始终,危及联盟存续,所以要提高联盟绩效,就必须加强联盟生命周期不同阶段的风险管理.

The Study on the Exists Mechanism Lifecycles Management of the Strategic Alliances

As quasi-market networks,the strategic alliance are linked by value chain and cooperate by core competencies.Domestic and foreign scholars explain the existence of the strategic alliance by means of multi-value chain theory,transaction cost theory,game theory and network of strategic theory.Nevertheless there are rarely discussion about the life cycle of strategic alliances,like other organisms,strategic alliance has its own lifecycle.According to the differences about the process and focus work,this paper divided lifecycle of enterprise alliance into the four phases,pregnant period,conflicting period,sound developing period and cracking & suspending period.In different stage of strategic alliances,the focus of the work and risks are not same.There are non-cooperative game and cooperative game among the Alliance members.Opportunism and moral hazard threaten the strategic alliance.Therefore,we need to recognize key tasks of the strategic alliance,and strengthen risk management of strategic alliances.