要素配置、收入差距与经济增长的实证研究

本文基于要素配置的动态性和路径选择性构建模型，测算无劳动力、资本错配下的收入差距，并且实证研究要素错配对收入差距与经济增长关系的影响。研究结果表明：与实际状态相比，无要素错配状态下地区间收入差距变小，意味着要素错配恶化了地区间收入差距；要素错配加剧收入差距对经济增长的阻碍作用，如2016年由于要素错配的存在，收入差距对经济增长的阻碍效应提高20.5%，且整体上引起经济增长缺口达到4.6%；较高的收入差距对人力资本、物质资本和人均消费均有显著的阻碍作用，而要素错配又加剧这种阻碍效应，提高对经济增长的负面效果。

Empirical Study on Factor Allocation,Income Gap and Economic Growth

Based on the dynamics and the path selectivity of the factor allocation, this paper constructs a model to measure the income gap without labor or capital mismatches, and empirically researches the impact of the factor mismatch on the relationship between the income gap and economic growth. The results indicate that: firstly, compared with the actual state, the inter regional income gap is smaller under the condition without the factor mismatch, which means that the factor mismatch worsens the inter regional income gap. Secondly, the factor mismatch exacerbates the hindrance of income disparity to economic growth. Taking 2016 as an example, due to the existence of the factor mismatch, the barrier effect of the income gap on economic growth increased by 20.5%, and the overall economic growth gap reached 4.6%. Thirdly, higher income gap has significant hindrance to human capital, physical capital and per capita consumption, and the factor mismatch intensifies this hindrance and increases the negative effects on economic growth.