基于生态安全角度的城镇村建设用地空间预警——以北京市房山区为例

研究目的:本文以城镇村建设用地的布局对区域生态安全是否造成威胁为基础,研究现状城镇村建设用地空间分布的合理性。研究方法:以房山区为例,利用ArcGIS空间分析技术,采用因子加权分析法和数理统计法,选择房山区的地形地貌、水文、地质灾害、土地退化等因素作为生态预警因子,构建预警评价体系,对城镇村建设用地的现状分布情况进行预警。研究结果:房山区城镇村建设用地布局整体态势较为理想,各预警级别由低到高面积呈下降趋势。处于无警状态的城镇村建设用地面积最大,占总面积的65.87%;轻警状态和中警状态的城镇村建设用地面积分别占总面积的20.95%和9.72%;处于重警或巨警状态的城镇村建设用地面积较小,只占总面积的3.46%,主要分布在房山区的北部和西南部地区。研究结论:从生态安全角度对房山区城镇村建设用地的现状空间分布进行预警是可行的。

Early-Warning System for Spatial Allocation of the Rural-Urban Construction Land in Terms of Ecological Security: A Case Study on Fangshan District, Beijing

The purpose of this paper is to assess the rationality of current spatial distribution of rural-urban construction land based on whether the ecological security is threatened. Method employed is to establish an early-warning system in order to monitor the current distribution status of rural-urban construction land. Based on ArcGIS technology of spatial analysis factor, a weight analysis and a mathematical statistics are executed in a case study in Fangshan District, in which the landform and physiognomy, hydrology, geological hazards, land degradation in Fangshan District are chosen as ecological pre-warning factors. The results indicate that the overall status of rural-urban construction land distribution in Fangshan District is relatively reasonable. The acreages of the land with degree from low to high according to the early-warning system are decreasing consequently. The acreage of the rural-urban construction land with the lowest degree in the early-warning system accounts for the largest proportion, which is 65.87% of total; the acreages of low-potential and medium-potential degrees are 20.95% and 9.72%, respectively; the acreage of high-potential and extreme-high-potential degrees is relative small, which is only the 3.46% of total, which mainly located in north and southeast areas of Fangshan District. It is concluded that it is feasible to conduct early warnirg for the monitoring of current distribution status of rural-urban construction land in Fangshan District in terms of ecological security.