金融科技与银行价值链的重塑

金融科技在显著提升银行服务水平和经营效率的同时,也对银行业的竞争环境产生了深刻影响,商业银行在服务场景和渠道、客户信息以及资金等方面的传统竞争优势受到挑战.为快速获取必要的金融科技能力,银行加速推进数字化转型,并在其价值链的多个环节与科技企业开展合作.银行价值链由封闭的自我循环模式转向开放的合作模式,且价值链中的高附加值活动存在向少数企业集中的趋势.银行业的风险特征也由此发生重要变化:传统的战略风险、信用风险、流动性风险、操作风险、法律风险与系统性风险依然存在且变得更加复杂;科技风险、网络风险与数据安全等问题日渐凸显.作为应对,我国应结合银行业的实际情况,对现有银行监管框架和模式进行再评估,督促指导银行在推进数字化转型的过程中密切关注相关风险,进一步加强监管能力建设,以更好地守住不发生系统性金融风险的底线.

Fintech and the Reshaping of Banking Value Chain

Fintech has not only significantly improved the service quality and operating efficiency of banks,but also has had a profound impact on the competitive environment of the banking industry.Commercial banks’traditional competitive advantage in service scenarios and channels,customer information collection,and funding access are being challenged.In order to quickly acquire necessary Fintech capabilities,banks are undertaking digital transformation themselves and cooperating with Fintech firms in different segments of their value chain.The banking value chain is shifting from a closed system to an open and collaborative ecosystem,in which high value-added activities tend to concentrate to a few large,established market participants.The risks faced by banks have also changed accordingly:while traditional risks such as strategic risk,credit risk,liquidity risk,operational risk,legal risk and systemic risk still persist and become more complex,technological risk,cyber risk and data security issues have become increasingly prominent.The existing banking regulatory framework and approach need to be reevaluated.Bank supervisors need to ensure that banks have established effective structures,systems and processes to identify,monitor and control risks associated with digital transformation.Meanwhile,bank supervisors should better take advantage of technology themselves in order to enhance supervisory capacity in a rapidly changing environment.