BOT模式运作下乡村生态旅游项目的发展路径研究——以重庆市为例

乡村生态旅游是农业和旅游业发展相结合的产业,其作为农村经济发展的重要引擎,已然成为解决"三农"问题的重要渠道。重庆位于我国西南地区,农业历史悠久,旅游资源发达,乡村生态旅游发展已经初现规模。但由于重庆整体经济水平在全国处于中游,加上城市基础设施投入占去政府财政支出的大部分,因此发展乡村生态旅游项目面临资金短缺和管理不善的困境。BOT模式是私营企业参与基础设施建设,向社会提供公共服务的一种方式,在我国又被称为"特许经营权",是指政府将"特许经营权"下放给私营企业,允许其参与建设和运营公共设施项目,并通过经营和管理获得利润回报的一种营销运作模式。BOT形式适用于我国当前乡村生态旅游项目的开发和发展,对改善乡村旅游项目资金不足问题及提高项目管理水平具有明显的促进作用。但BOT模式也存在诸如规划风险、道德风险和圈地风险等现实问题,需要从政府和企业等2个角度分别采取有效措施,包括加强立法工作、加大政府监管力度和制定严格的BOT协议等。

THE DEVELOPMENT PATH OF RURAL ECOLOGICAL TOURISM PROJECTS UNDER THE OPERATION OF BOT MODEL*---TAKING CHONGQING AS AN EXAMPLE

Rural eco-tourism is a combination of agriculture and tourism industry, which is an important engine of rural economic developmentand an important channel to solve the "three rural" issues. Chongqing is located in Southwest China with a long history of agriculture, rich tourism resources, and relative scale of the village eco-tourism. However,the development of rural eco-tourism project in Chongqing is facing the problems of shortage of funds and poor management due to the overall economic level, and weak urban infrastructure investment. BOT mode is a way of providing public services of a private enterprise to societyby participating in the construction of in-frastructure. It is also named as"franchise" in China which means the government would devolve the"franchise" to private enterprise, and allow it to participate in construction and operation of public infrastructure projects, and ob-tain returns from the marketing operation model. This mode is suitable for the development of China′s current rural ecological tourism projects, and improving the rural tourism project funds and the level of project management. But there are some risk problems such as planning risk, moral risk and property risk in the BOT mode. Therefore, it needs to take effective countermeasures such as strengthening the legislative work, improving government supervi-sion, and establishing strict BOT agreement, and so on.