生态产品供给的内生动力机制释析 ——基于完整价值回报与代际价值回报的双重视角

研究目的：从生态产品完整价值回报和代际价值回报两个视角，应用资源价值构成理论和外部性理论，探究生态产品供给内生动力不足的原因以及提升内生动力的策略。研究方法：成本效益分析方法和情景模拟方法。研究结果：生态产品供给的内生动力缺失的原因在于供给主体缺乏合理的完整价值回报和代际价值回报：一方面，由于生态价值评价体系的缺失和地方政府的职责推诿抑制了生态价值的实现，部分地区人力资本和人造资本的短板约束了社会文化价值的实现；另一方面，缺失适用于生态产品供给的社会折现率体系和相关的代际补偿机制导致了生态产品供给在当前收益与未来收益间存在转换偏差，降低了供给行动的代际回报。研究结论：提升生态产品供给的内生动力可从两方面着手：一方面需要建立不同类型的价值评价体系，拓宽生态价值实现渠道，明晰政府在价值实现中的职责；另一方面需要建立符合生态产品特点的新代际折现率体系，参照新代际折现率和传统折现率核算得到的净现值差额制定代际补偿标准，探索考虑代际影响的代际金融产品，根据价值替代难度建立健全生态产品价值实现机制。

Analysis on Internal Driving Mechanism of Eco-label Product Supply: From the Perspectives of Complete Value and Intergenerational Value

The purpose of this study is to explore the causes and suggestions of internal driving forces of eco-label product supply from the perspectives of complete value and intergenerational value by applying resource value composition theory and externality theory. The research methods include cost-benefit analysis and scenario simulation analysis. The results show that ineffective mechanisms of realizing complete value and intergenerational value lead to lower internal driving forces of eco-label product supply. First, ecological value realization is restrained by the lack of ecological value accounting system and shirking of local government; sociocultural value realization is inhibited by the shortcomings of human capital and man-made capital. Second, the lack of social discount rate system and intergenerational compensation mechanism targeted to eco-label product supply reduces intergenerational return. In conclusion, to increase internal driving forces of the eco-label product supply, it is helpful to establish an accounting system for different types of value, broaden the channels for realizing ecological value and clarify the responsibilities of the government. Moreover, it is beneficial to create a new intergenerational discount rate system, set subsidy standards based on the net present value difference obtained from the new intergenerational and traditional discount rates, explore intergenerational financial product, and improve value realization mechanism according to the difficulty of value substitution.