“话语民主”语境下的草根民主——从毛泽东的底层民主到网络的民主实践

毛泽东在20世纪20年代就明确提出了农民的"话事权"理论,不仅包括话语权,还包括办事权。建国以后,毛泽东又借助"大字报"的形式将其"话事权"理论付诸实践。毛泽东底层民主的实践旨趣与哈贝马斯"话语民主"的理论旨趣隐隐呼应。哈贝马斯提出了现代多元化社会中的人们在公共领域进行交流、沟通的商议民主理论,以唤起越来越多的底层民众投入到公共议题的商议中来。网络民主实践与"大字报"有类似之处,在实践中,根据哈贝马斯的理论,网络既是草根民主的新载体,也是滋生网络暴力的温床。

Grass-roots Democracy in the Context of "Democratic Discourse" : from MAO Ze-dong's Bottom Democracy to the Democratic Practice in Network

In the 1920s,MAO Ze-dong clearly put forward the "say" theory of farmers which not only includes the right to voice,but also the right to work.After the founding,MAO Ze-dong put the "say" theory into practice through the form of "big-character poster".The practical interest of MAO Ze-dong's bottom democracy echoed to the theoretical interest of Habermas's theory of "democratic discourse".Habermas put forward the theory of democratic deliberation exchanging and communicating in the public domain in a modern pluralistic society in order to arouse more and more people in the bottom into the deliberations of public issues.The democratic practice in network has some similarities with the "big-character poster".In practice,according to Habermas's theory,the network is not only a new carrier of grass-roots democracy,but soil to breed network violence.