旅游发展背景下政治不信任的形成因素及其影响

信任或者不信任的动态关系变化对于理解现代社会、社会关系和发展过程是十分重要的。信任可以影响到旅游发展的成功或者失败,但是旅游学者很少关注到信任话题。文章以广东汕尾红海湾为例,采用质性研究方法,分析旅游发展背景下政治不信任是如何形成的,又是如何进一步通过空间实践影响旅游发展的过程。研究发现,政治不信任受到权力关系、收益成本感知、政治经济绩效、人际信任和文化导向5个因素的影响,是在特定的制度环境、社会互动和历史文化的复杂关系中交织形成的。政治不信任的存在,使得地方政府与地方社区之间拒绝社会交换以及社会资本的断裂,增加了旅游政策运行成本,延缓了旅游发展进程。研究一方面把政治信任理论视角引入国内旅游研究,另一方面修订和补充了旅游发展与政治信任的理论框架,并提出对政治信任研究的批判性思考。研究有助于推动从旅游管理"过程"的关注向旅游开发"起点"的关注,即政治信任问题一定程度上先天奠定了旅游发展的成功或失败,这为当下旅游开发中的善治问题提供了实践参考。

The Formative Factor of Political Distrust and Its Impact Under Tourism Development Background

The dynamics of trust and distrust are vital for understanding modern society,social relations and their development process.Trust can also influence the success or failure of tourism development in a society.However,few scholars focus on the topic of trust in tourism related academic studies.Specifically,little is known about the political trust differences in different social and cultural backgrounds,how the political trust changes over time and how the political trust affects tourism development.This paper has referred to existing studies related to tourism development and political trust,and it analyzes how political distrust is produced in Red Bay in Shanwei city,Guangdong province,China.Research methods comprehensively used are qualitative research methods,including non-participatory observation,participatory observation,in-depth interviews,text analysis and processevent analysis.The method how the failure of tourism development accelerates political distrust issues is analyzed,especially with the tourism industry seen as an important tool for city development.Moreover,political distrust can further affect the process of tourism development through space practice.It has been discovered that political distrust is produced by complex relationships,including specific institutional environment,social interaction as well as history and culture.Specifically,it is produced by the power of the relationship between the local government and local community under the pressure of institution,the consideration of tourism development costs and benefits under the condition of market economy,perception of economic and political performance under rational choice about tourism development,interpersonal trust in the practice of everyday life and culture orientation.Political distrust makes the local government and local communities to refuse social exchange in tourism development and brings a fracture state of social capital.As a result,the operating cost of the tourism policy has increased,and the tourism development has been delayed.It can be concluded from this research that tourism development and political trust are a dialectical relationship of a two-way interaction.Tourism development is not an objective neutral field,but a conflict full of ideology and values.Therefore,tourism can lead to the changes of political trust,and vice versa.This paper,on the one hand,takes the theoretical perspective of political trust into China’s tourism academic circle.On the other hand,the theory framework of tourism development and political trust is revised and completed.Whether in theory or practice,the study of political trust promotes the understanding of tourism development from the process to the starting line,which means that to some extent the political trust issue lays the foundation of success or failure of tourism development.Moreover,it provides practical reference for tourism development and good governance.