Tourist arrivals,energy consumption and pollutant emissions in a developing economy–implications for sustainable tourism |
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| Institution: | 1. University of Tasmania, Australia;2. University of Queensland, Australia;3. University of Waterloo, Canada;1. Faculty of Business, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2500, Australia;2. School of Management and Marketing, Charles Sturt University, Bathurst, NSW, 2795, Australia;3. Faculty of Business, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia;1. University of Portsmouth, UK;2. University College London (UCL), UK;3. Bournemouth University, UK;4. Les Roches, International School of Hotel Management, Switzerland;1. Mokwon University, Division of Service Management, 88 Doanbuk-ro, Seo-gu, Daejeon, 35349, Republic of Korea;2. Hanbat National University, Department of Urban Engineering, 125 Dongseodaero, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon, 34158, Republic of Korea;3. The University of Seoul, Department of Urban Planning and Design, 163, Seoulsiripdae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02504, Republic of Korea;1. Malaysian Institute of Industrial Technology, Universiti Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia;2. Faculty of Management, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310 Skudai Johor, Malaysia;3. Department of Economics, University of Wah, Quaid Avenue, Wah Cantt, Pakistan;1. Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Biomedical and Veterinary Science, Texas A&M University,USA;2. Washington State Department of Ecology, USA;3. Parks, Recreation and Tourism Management, Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources at the University of Georgia, USA;4. Dept. of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Biomedical and Veterinary Science, Texas A&M University, USA |
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| Abstract: | Sustainable tourism management policies should aim at maximising economic benefits from tourist arrivals while minimising associated adverse impacts on the environment. This study assesses the short-run and long-run relationships between tourist arrivals, per capita economic output, emissions, energy consumption and capital formation, citing Nepal as a specific case study. We developed four hypotheses and tested them using time-series econometrics based on the autoregressive distributed lag model and Granger causality tests. The results provide strong evidence of an economy driven tourism sector where expansion in economic output leads to expansion in tourist arrivals. More tourist arrivals, in turn, generate positive impacts on gross capital formation. Energy consumption negatively affects tourist arrivals, calling for increased attention towards improving energy efficiency and energy diversity. We conclude that national policies to increase tourist arrivals should be integrated with national energy and environmental policies in order to facilitate the transition towards a sustainable tourism sector. |
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| Keywords: | Sustainable tourism Autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) Granger causality Energy consumption Climate change Z32 Z38 C32 |
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