US state health expenditure convergence: A revisited analysis |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Economic Analysis, University of Zaragoza, Gran Vía 2, 50005, Zaragoza, Spain;2. Department of Applied Economics, University of Zaragoza, Gran Vía 2, 50005, Zaragoza, Spain;1. Faculty of Economics, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand;2. Department of Econometrics and Business Statistics, Monash University, Victoria, Australia;1. School of Data Sciences, Zhejiang University of Finance and Economics, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310018, PR China;2. Department of Statistics, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada;1. Accident Compensation Corporation, Wellington, New Zealand;2. School of Economics, Finance and Marketing, RMIT University, Building 80, Level 11, 445 Swanston Street, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia;1. School of Economics and Management, Beihang University, Beijing, 100191, China;2. College of Business, University of Nevada, Reno, Reno, NV 89557, USA;1. Munich Center for Economics of Aging and CEFUP, Portugal;2. University of Porto, Faculty of Economics, CEFUP and OBEGEF, Portugal;3. University of Porto, Faculty of Economics and CEFUP, Portugal |
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| Abstract: | This paper studies the evolution of US state health expenditure for a sample that covers 1966–2014. Our results provide evidence against the existence of a single pattern of behavior of personal health care expenditure across the US states. Rather, we can observe the existence of two statistically different convergence clubs. We cannot find evidence of convergence when we disaggregate health expenditure into its three main payers: Medicare, Medicaid and private health insurance expenditure, whilst we again find evidence of convergence clubs. However, the estimated clubs for Medicaid and private health insurance expenditure are statistically different that estimated for total health expenditure. Consequently, our results offer strong evidence of heterogeneity in the evolution of US health expenditure. The analysis of the forces that drive club creation shows that economic situation and some supply-side factors are important. We can also appreciate that some healthcare outcome variables are only related to private insurance health expenditure. The other health expenditures, thus, show a certain lack of efficiency which may be due to practices that have little benefit for patient health. |
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| Keywords: | Convergence analysis Phillips-sul Health expenditure C22 I10 |
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