雾霾治理、地方政府竞争与全要素生产率

在将城市面板数据与中国工业企业面板数据进行匹配的基础上,本文就地方政府竞争下环境治理策略互动形式进行了检验,然后构建空间自滞后模型并运用两阶段最小二乘法探讨了雾霾治理对全要素生产率的本地影响及其空间溢出影响,进一步从资源配置效应、创新补偿效应和污染避难所效应三方面考察了雾霾治理的传导机制。结果表明,随着环保政绩考核的加入,地理邻近城市环境治理策略逐渐从“逐底竞争”转变为“模仿”形式,即邻近城市加强或放松治理,该城市也加强或放松治理强度,相对竞优模仿形式下雾霾治理更有助于促进本地、邻地全要素生产率的提高,且不同区域、行业和所有制企业存在差异。进一步探究原因,发现加强雾霾治理产生的资源配置效应和创新补偿效应有利于促进城市间全要素生产率提高,而雾霾治理产生的污染避难所效应不利于城市间全要素生产率提高。由此,本文提出完善雾霾联防联控机制、创新绿色经济发展方式,实现环境保护和经济发展良性互动的建议。

Haze Governance,Local Government Competition and Total Factor Productivity

On the basis of matching the city panel data with the Chinese industrial enterprise panel data,we test the interactive form of local government environmental governance strategy from the perspective of local government competition,then construct spatial lag of X model and discuss local influence of haze governance on total factor productivity and its spatial spillover effect by using two stage least square method.Transmission mechanism of haze governance is further examined from resource allocation effect,innovation compensation effect and pollution heaven effect.The results show that with the implementation of regional joint prevention and control policy,the environmental governance strategy of geographically adjacent cities has gradually changed from"race to the bottom"to"imitation"form.That is,when the neighboring cities strengthen or weaken governance,the local city also strengthen or weaken governance.Haze governance under the form of relatively competitive imitation is more helpful to promote total factor productivity among cities,and with differences between regions,industries and ownership enterprises.Further exploration of the reasons,it is found that strengthening the resource allocation effect and innovative compensation effect of haze governance is conducive to the improvement of total factor productivity among cities,reducing the pollution heaven effect of haze governance is not conducive to the improvement of total factor productivity among cities.Therefore,we suggest to improve haze joint governance mechanism and innovate green economic development mode,realize the positive interaction between environmental protection and economic development.