劳动力价格、信息不对称与农户精细管理技术投入——基于质量识别能力差异的视角

近年来,劳动力价格的快速上涨已然成为中国农业生产所必须面对的内在挑战。对于机械作业难度相对较大的劳动密集型作物而言,在缓解劳动力约束瓶颈的同时,更应通过精细化的果园管理,以提高产品质量,进而提高其市场价格。然而,由于农产品具有典型的经验品属性,在信息不对称的外部约束下,农户通常难以获得应有的"质量溢价"。基于此,本文通过构建理论分析框架,以果品质量关键环节的精细管理技术作为研究对象,系统分析在劳动力价格上涨背景下农户精细管理技术投入的决策机制,以及在不同农产品质量识别程度中,劳动力成本变化对其影响的异质性,并基于全国18个省份农户的调研数据进行实证研究。研究结果表明:农户交易对象质量识别能力的提高,能够缓解农户与购买者之间存在的信息不对称性,将农产品质量信息传递给购买者,使农户获得更高的销售价格,进而在有效提高农户精细管理技术投入水平的同时,能够弱化劳动力价格对其所产生的负面影响。

Labor Price,Information Asymmetry and Investment in Fine Management Technology--From the Perspective of Differences in Quality Recognition Ability

In recent years,the rapid rise of labor price has become an inherent challenge for China’s agricultural production.For the labor-intensive crops which are relatively difficult to operate mechanically,while alleviating the bottleneck of labor constraints,orchard management should be refined to improve product quality and market prices.However,due to the typical empirical attribute of agricultural products,under the external constraints of asymmetric information,it is usually difficult for farmers to obtain the"quality premium"they should have.Based on this,this paper constructs a theoretical analysis framework and takes the key link of fruit quality:fine management technology as the research object.It systematically analyses the decision-making mechanism of farmers’fine management technology input under the background of rising labor force,and the impact of labor cost changes on farmers’fine management technology input under different recognition levels of agricultural product quality.Heterogeneity,and empirical research based on the survey data of farmers in 18 provinces in China.The results show that the improvement of the identification ability of farmers’trading objects can alleviate the information asymmetry between farmers and purchasers,transfer the quality information of agricultural products to purchasers,so farmers would acquire higher sales prices,which can effectively improve the level of farmers’fine management technology input,and at the same time,improve the level of farmers’fine management technology input.One step is to weaken the negative impact of labor price on it.