长期护理保险在中国的选择-基于制度经济学的分析

为了解决人口老龄化背景下的老年护理问题,德国、日本先后于1995年1月1日、2000年4月1日启动长期护理保险制度。我国在1999年也已经进入老龄化国家行列,老龄化并呈加速趋势。我国农村家庭养老看护功能日益削弱、城镇养老机构数量不足、新型居家养老模式的资金来源不足。有必要借鉴德国、日本长期护理保险制度,采取城市的居家养老护理保险与农村的老年护理救助模式。基于制度经济学的角度,从价值支持、意识形态支持、成本支持与路径支持上论证了该制度的可行性。

The Choice of Long-term-care Insurance in China-the Analyses Based on Institution Economy

To solve the care problem of aged population,Germany and Japan established Long-term-care Insurance system,respectively on January 1,1995 and on April 1,2000.China has been a country of aged population in 1997,furthermore rapidly developing.Based on a series of conditions such as being weakened provision for the aged in the rural area,the lack of and not being accepted nursing homes in the cities,insuffcient fund of aged care at home etc.,China must adopt this policy-Aged Care Insurance at Home in the cities and Aged Care Aid in the rural.Meanwhile,the possibilities of the policy have been analyzed on the merit support,the ideology support,the cost support and the path dependence of Institution Economics.