《人口与计划生育法》第十八条解读

《人口与计划生育法》第十八条将我国过去长期以来的生育政策首次以法律的形式予以规范。该条的结构主要包括:对现行生育政策的稳定;对倡导性义务的表述;对生育数量确定的"原则+授权"。通过仔细考量,所谓的倡导性义务实质更多的还是强制性义务;将对生育数量的限制权力授予法规,可能与法律保留原则存在不符;将对生育数量进行限制的具体办法交由地方性法规制定,可能给予地方过多的立法上的自由裁量权,有碍平等原则,与立法目的不一致;对生育数量的确定应当是公民的选择性权利,而非仰赖国家的行政许可;生育政策的法律化应当由人大而非人大常委会来进行。

Some Interpretations of Article 18 of the Law of the PRC on Population and Family Planning

Article 18 of the Law of the PRC on Population and Family Planning provides the family planning policies which have been implemented for a long time in China in the form of law for the first time.The structure of the Article is:stabilizing the existing family planning policies;stating the voluntary obligations;stipulating the "principle and delegated' provisions for the number of children.However,after deliberating these problems,we will find that the so called "voluntary obligations" are essentially mandatory obligations,authorizing the power of restricting the number of children to regulations may be inconsistent with the principle of legal reservation;authorizing the power of providing concrete measures to restrict the number of children to local regulations may give too mush discretion,damage the equal principle and be inconsistent with the purpose of the law;deciding the number of children should be a citizen's right of choosing but not count upon administrative licensing;providing the family planning policies in the form of law should be done by people's congress but not its standing committee.