二十世纪中国育龄人群男女性相对死亡风险的两次显著变化

利用我国1930—2000年不同时期的生命表资料,分析了20世纪30年代以来我国育龄人群男女性相对死亡风险的变化,探讨了我国生殖健康政策在变化中的作用。20世纪我国育龄人群男女性相对死亡风险有两次显著变化。第一次显著变化是在育龄人群死亡风险处在较高水平上发生的。在上个世纪50年代之前,育龄女性的死亡风险高于育龄男性,到50年代育龄女性死亡风险从高于育龄男性向低于育龄男性转变。第二次显著变化是在育龄人群死亡风险已下降到一个相对较低的水平上发生的。从上个世纪70年代开始到上个世纪末,育龄女性死亡风险的下降速度显著高于育龄男性,随着时间的推移育龄人群死亡水平的性别差异呈现扩大趋势。

Two Significant Changes of Male/Female Relative Mortality Risk in Chinese Reproductive Age Groups in the Twentieth Century

This paper uses several sets of reliable life tables for different periods from 1930 to 2000 to examine the changes of male/female relative mortality risk in Chinese reproductive age groups and explore the role of Chinese reproductive health policies in these changes.The results show that there are two significant changes of male/female relative mortality risk in Chinese reproductive age groups in the twentieth century.The first occurred in the period of high mortality level for reproductive age groups.Before 1950s,females had a higher death risk than males.By 1950s,female's risk of death transformed from higher than that for males to a lower level.The second took place after the 1970's with low mortality level for reproductive age groups.From the 1970's to the end of the century,the female's risk of death reduced much more rapidly than that for male and sex differentials of mortality for reproductive age groups increased significantly with lapse of time.The two significant changes partly indicate the achievements made through maternal-child health care and family planning.