中国的女孩生存:历史、现状和展望

基于已有的数据、研究成果及中国政府和社会的干预实践,对有关改善中国女孩生存的研究和实践进行回顾式的评述和展望。中国一直存在对女性的歧视,近年来中国持续升高的出生性别比和偏高的女孩死亡水平,反映出女性社会地位低下和女孩生存风险恶化。对女孩的歧视包括出生前和出生后的歧视。描述了中国高出生性别比和偏高女孩死亡水平的水平、趋势和区域差异,分析了女孩生存环境恶化的直接和间接原因及其引发的人口和社会后果。通过比较国际社会的经验和中国政府及社会的认识与行动,讨论了改善中国女孩生存的前景及相应的措施。

Girl Child Survival in China:Past,Present and Prospect

Using the data from various sources, this paper reviews the studies and practices on improving girl child survival in China based on results of existing studies by scholars and intervention activities of Chinese government and society. The results show that discrimination against girls has been existing for a long time in China, and abnormally high sex ratio at birth and excess girl child mortality in the recent years reflect women's low social status and relatively worsening survival for girls. The discrimination against girls includes prenatal and postnatal discrimination. The paper describes the levels, trends and regional variations of sex ratio at birth and excess girl child mortality, and analyzes direct and indirect causes of worsening survival for girls as well as its demographic and social implications, and discusses prospects and corresponding measures on improving girl survival in China with a perspective of international experiences and attitudes and actions of Chinese government and society.