小农户与现代农业发展有机衔接:模式选择、现实困境与出路

小农户与现代农业发展有机衔接的目标是为全面实现农业现代化，农业现代化势必要求农民现代化。在小农户与现代农业生产经营主体并存的情况下，实现农业现代化就需要按照现代农业的标准“改造”小农户，而“改造”小农户主要指促使其增加现代农业生产经营知识、更新农业生产经营理念，并提升自身生产技术水平。“改造”小农户本质上是提升小农户人力资本水平的过程。从“服务小农户”“提高小农户”和“富裕小农户”三方面看，以提升小农户人力资本水平为内涵的“提高小农户”更具长远性、战略性与根本性意义。从提升小农户人力资本水平角度审视，现有小农户与现代农业发展有机衔接模式中，农民专业合作社型、返乡农民工+小农户型以及公司+基地+农户型是当前或今后的理想模式选择。但由于其自身仍然存在着或这或那的不足与缺陷，目前这些理想衔接模式在发挥提升小农户人力资本水平方面尚存在着诸多不足，仍需进一步地做好相关制度设计。

Organic Linking of Small-scale Farmers with Modern Agriculture Development: Mode Choice,Practical Dilemma and Way out

The goal of organic linking of small-scale farmers with modern agriculture development is to realize agricultural modernization, which requires farmers' modernization. Under the circumstance that small-scale farmers coexist with modern agricultural production and management entities, the realization of agricultural modernization requires "transformation" of small-scale farmers in accordance with the standards of modern agriculture, and "transformation" of small-scale farmers mainly refers to urging them to learn knowledge of modern agricultural production and management, renew agricultural production and management philosophy, and improve their own production technology. "Transformation" of small-scale farmers is essentially a process to improve the human capital level of small-scale farmers. From the three aspects of "serving small-scale farmers", "improving small-scale farmers" and "enriching small-scale farmers", "improving small-scale farmers" with the connotation of improving the human capital level of small-scale farmers has greater long-term, strategic and fundamental significance. From the perspective of improving the human capital level of small-scale farmers, among the existing models of organic integration between small-scale farmers and modern agricultural development, farmers' professional cooperatives, returning migrant workers + small-scale farmers, and companies + bases + farmers are the ideal modes at present or in the future. However, due to their own deficiencies and defects, there are still shortcomings in these ideal convergence modes in promoting the human capital level of small-scale farmers, and it is necessary to further design relevant systems.