土地要素市场化改革：产权基础、流转路径与收益分配

研究目的：基于“制度环境—治理结构—资源配置”的理论视角，系统梳理和评析当前土地要素市场化改革的产权基础、流转路径和收益分配相关研究和主要观点，为深化土地要素市场化改革提供学理支撑。研究方法：文献综述、比较分析、归纳与演绎。研究结果：（1）从产权基础来看,中国土地产权的明晰性、完整性、稳定性均面临挑战，要加快推进确权登记、还权赋能并建立准入退出机制；（2）从流转路径来看，健全机制、划清政府与市场的作用边界、识别和化解各类风险有利于土地要素流转顺畅、土地市场高效管控和防范冲击；（3）从收益分配来看，要遵循权利均等、时空均衡、权责统一的原则，改进土地收益初次分配和再次分配，建立健全监督问责机制。研究结论：应当顺势而为、因地制宜，以夯实产权基础、优化流转路径、改进收益分配为主要抓手推动土地要素市场化改革，从而促进高质量发展和共同富裕。

Market-Oriented Reform of Land Factor Allocation: Property Rights Foundation, Transfer Path and Revenue Distribution

The purpose of this study is to comprehensively review the relevant research and mainstream insights on the property rights foundation, transfer path and revenue distribution concerning market-oriented reform of land factor allocation, from the theoretical perspectives of institutional environment, governance and resource allocation, to provide the theoretical support for deepening the ongoing reform. The methods of literature review, comparative analysis as well as induction and deduction are used. The results show that: 1) from the aspect of property rights foundation, the clarity, completeness and stability of land property rights in China face several challenges, and land registration, constraint relief as well as entry and withdrawal are expected to be propelled promptly; 2) from the aspect of transfer path, the improvement in mechanisms, the delineation of functional boundary between the government and the market as well as the identification and mitigation of various risks promote the efficient transfer, effective management and challenge disposal; 3) from the aspect of revenue distribution, initial distribution and redistribution deserve further improvement, while monitoring and sanction mechanism remains to be established, following the principles of rights equality, spatial balance as well as right and duty consistence. In conclusion, market-oriented reform of land factor allocation is expected to be deepened by reinforcing property rights foundation, optimizing transfer path and improving revenue distribution according to the context-specific conditions, to realize the high-quality development and common prosperity.