滨海缺水城市海水淡化全成本分析——以华能威海电厂为例

随着滨海城市的快速发展,常规的地表水、地下水已远远不能满足社会经济的发展。以华能威海电厂为例,基于全成本理论,构建海水淡化全成本分析模型,分别从资源成本、工程成本、外部性成本展开核算,从有用性价值和稀缺性价值考虑资源成本,工程费用和前期投入费用计入工程成本,运用污染物当量法测算海水淡化对生态影响,计算得出威海市华能电厂海水淡化水全成本为7.166元/m3,其中资源成本为0.123元/m3,工程成本为6.597元/m3,外部性成本为0.446元/m3。对比目前自来水水价和外调水水价,淡化水不存在明显的价格优势。但因为其水量稳定、水质安全等特性,未来在城市供水系统中仍存在一定的应用潜力。最后为提升淡化水在纳入滨海缺水城市供水系统方面的竞争力,提出了相关政策建议。

Full-cost analysis of seawater desalination in coastal cities:Taking Weihai Power Plant of Huaneng Power International Inc. as an example

With the rapid development of coastal cities, the conventional surface water and groundwater can no longer meet the social and economic development. Taking Weihai Power Plant of Huaneng Power International Inc. as an example, based on the full-cost theory, a full-cost analysis model for seawater desalination is established, and the resource cost, project cost and externality cost are calculated. The resource cost is considered from the value of utility and scarcity. The project cost includes the construction cost and initial investment cost. The effect of seawater desalination on the ecology is measured using the pollutant equivalent method. The full cost of desalinated water of seawater in Weihai Power Plant is 7. 166 yuan/m³, of which the resource cost is 0. 123 yuan/m³, the project cost is 6. 597 yuan/m³ and the externality cost is 0. 446 yuan/m³. Compared with the prices of the current tap water and externally supplied water, there is no obvious price advantage for desalinated water. However, due to its stable water volume and safe water quality, it still has certain application potential in the urban water supply system in the future. Finally, in order to improve the competitiveness of desalinated water in the water supply system of coastal water-deficient cities, the relevant policy suggestions are put forward.