制度在经济绩效中的作用

中央计划经济的绩效与市场经济的绩效有显著性的差异，产权和资源配置方式的差异是决定不同经济体系经济绩效差异最为重要的因素。制度是经济体中经济个体博弈的基本规则。市场经济比中央计划经济提供了更强的激励．从而更有效地减轻了道德风险带来的效率损失，所以从消费者福利来看，市场经济比中央计划经济更有效。在一定的条件下，无论是从产出还是从消费者的福利来看，市场经济都比中央计划经济更有效率。

The Effect of Institution on Economic Performance

There is great difference between the performance of centrally planned economy and that of market economy, which mainly results from the difference in property right and distribution of resources. Institutions provide the basic game rules for agents in their economies. Market economy has stronger incentive system than centrally planned economy; hence it effectively reduces the efficiency cost resulting from the moral hazard. Therefore, market economy is more efficient than centrally planned economy in terms of consumers' welfare. Under certain conditions, market economy is more efficient than centrally planned economy both in terms of output and in terms of consumers' welfare.