中国劳动要素配置扭曲程度的测量

本文测算了我国及省际的劳动力资源配置扭曲程度。全国总体劳动力配置扭曲程度、城乡劳动力扭曲程度大致呈现波浪式下降,城市内劳动力扭曲程度则呈现阶段性增加的态势,城乡劳动力扭曲是导致劳动力配置扭曲的主要因素;从全国劳动力配置扭曲贡献因素来看,各产业间劳动边际生产力的差异直接反映了劳动力资源配置扭曲,而各产业内部所形成的劳动资源扭曲在总体上具有消减作用;进一步观察各产业内和产业间的扭曲状况,可见第一、三产业内劳动力资源扭曲程度长期并不高,但近年来增加态势明显,第二产业扭曲程度较高,但有下降趋势,而部门间的扭曲程度则呈现缓慢增长特点。从省际来看,各省份总体和城乡劳动力扭曲程度呈下降趋势,而城市则呈现增加态势,在扭曲特点上,一方面存在收敛性特点,另一方面又存在东部、中部和西部地区差别。进一步将人力资本因素考虑进去,可以发现,我国劳动力资源配置扭曲程度会有所下降。通过上面的研究,可以得到一些有益的政策启示。

Estimating the Degree of Distortion of Labor Resources Allocation in China

I estimate the degree of distortion of labor resources allocation in China and provinces in the paper.In China distortions of both the overall labor and the urban-rural labor largely follow the downward waves,labor distortions in the city presents a phased increase in the trend,and distortions of urban-rural labor mainly produces the overall labor distortions.From the contribution of the national labor allocation distorting,the differences in marginal productivity of labor between the various industries is a direct reflection on the distorted allocation of labor resources,which is cut down by labor resources distortions within the industry in general;The distortions of the labor resources in the first and second industries are not high,but take on the increasing trend in recent years,however there is a high degree of distortion and a downward trend in the secondary industry,while the degree of inter-sectoral distortions presents a slow growth.In the provincial point of view,the labor distortions of general and urban-rural have a downward trend,while that in the city is showing an increasing trend.Otherwise there are convergence characteristics and the difference of labor distortion between the eastern,central and western regions.Furthermore considering human capital,in general it is discovered that the degrees of distortion of labor resources allocation in China and provinces take on a lower level.In the end,I propose a few polices to depress the degrees of distortion of labor resources allocation.