上下游水权交易及初始水权改革思考

上下游左右岸利益关系是流域管理和水权制度建设的难点,是国家水利部新一轮水权试点的重要内容,是初始水权制度建设的重要基础。协调上下游关系的核心基础是:水资源权属依据及兼顾各方利益原则;核心目标是:利益公平分配、责任公平分担。在政策和实务层面,协调上下游全流域水量关系坚持两条原则:一是水量分配实行动态调整,二是任何河段用水都不能影响其他利益相关者;协调上下游全流域水质关系坚持两条原则:一是谁污染谁治理,二是谁受益谁付费。鼓励创新上下游水权交易模式,促进流域经济与政区经济协同发展。

Thoughts on Upstream-Downstream Water Rights Trading and Initial Water Rights Reform

The relationships of the interests between the upstream and downstream areas and between left and right banks are considered the diffi-cult point in river basin management and water rights system establishment. It is an important part of the new round of water rights pilot projects initiated by the Ministry of Water Resources and a key foundation for the establishment of initial water rights system. The core foundation for coor-dinating the upstream and downstream relationship is: the basis of water resource ownership and the principle of balancing the interests of all par-ties. The core objective is: equitable distribution of interest and equitable sharing of responsibility. In the policy and practice , coordinating up-stream-downstream basin-wide water quantity relationship must be in accordance with two principles: First , water quantity distribution shall be dy-namically adjusted; second, water use in any reach must not affect other stakeholders. Coordinating upstream-downstream basin-wide water quality relationship must be in accordance with two principles: First , whoever causes pollution shall be responsible for its elimination; second, whoever benefits shall pay. An innovative mode for upstream-downstream water rights trading is encouraged to boost a coordinated economic development of the basin and the administrative divisions.