总部集聚与工厂选址

总部经济的地理特征就是总部集聚。本文建立了一个全新的空间经济学模型,深入阐释总部与工厂分离的机制。模型分企业总部集聚和企业总部在南北地区均匀分布的两种情形,细致地探讨了跨地区运输成本、企业总部和工厂之间的交流成本以及地区间税收政策差异这三个因素相互影响、共同作用于工厂选址的机理。在其他条件不变的情况下,运输成本的降低将导致企业倾向于在总部集聚地区设立工厂;而无论运输成本高低,只要交流成本和外围地区劳动力工资上涨,更多的企业趋向于在总部集聚地区设厂;只有当外围地区的劳动工资降低或税率降低,更多的企业才趋向于在外围地区设厂。本文也再次验证了税收竞争的南部有利性与整体"竞次"(race to bottom)局面:一个地区的税收优惠政策不仅会对当地的企业产生影响,更会对总部集聚地区的其他企业利润产生负面影响。

Headquarters Agglomeration and the Location of Plants

The most significant geographical feature of Headquarters Economy would be agglomeration of headquarters.This article sets up a new economic geography to explain how transport costs,communication costs and tax policies these three factors would decide the choice of plant’s location and the speed of relocation activities under the situations that HQs agglomerated and not respectively.Ceteris paribus,a reduction in transport costs will lure firms to locate their plants to the core where HQs agglomerated;and it is more obvious with a rise in communication costs and labor wages of the periphery.This article also proves that tax competition is beneficial for the South but triggers a global"race-to-the-bottom",due to the fact that the preferential tax policy does not only affect local firms but also has negative externalities on firms aboard.