企业出口前研发投入、出口及生产率进步-来自中国制造业企业的证据

出口会导致企业生产率提高么?什么因素会影响出口的生产率效应?本文采用2001—2007年中国规模以上制造业企业调查数据估计了出口的即期和长期生产率效应。我们认为企业出口之前的研发投入可以通过增加企业的吸收能力来提高出口的生产率效应。通过采用倾向得分匹配的计量方法,我们发现:(1)平均看来,对于首次出口的企业,其出口当年企业生产率有2%的提升,然而在出口之后的几年中这种提升效应均不显著。(2)对于有出口前研发投入的企业,出口对生产率存在着持续且幅度较大的提升作用;但对于没有出口前研发投入的企业,出口对生产率没有显著的提升效应或提升效应短且较弱。(3)出口对生产率的提升效应随企业从事出口前研发年数的增加而提高。

Pre-export R&D,Exporting and Productivity Gains:Evidence from Chinese Manufacturing Firms

Does entry into the export market foster firms’ productivity? In this paper,we estimate the instantaneous and long-run effects of exporting on the productivity of Chinese manufacturing firms during 2001 and 2007.We argue that pre-export R&D plays a crucial role in generating post-entry productivity gains by increasing firms’ absorptive capacity.By using propensity score matching in our estimation,we find that:(1) on average,starting to export has an instantaneous effect in raising productivity by 2%,but there are no significant long-run effects.(2) Firms that have ever invested in R&D before exporting experience large and lasting productivity gains whereas the productivity gain is short-lived or does not exist even instantaneously for those without pre-export R&D.(3) The effect of export on productivity increases with the number of years that firms engage in pre-export R&D.