Foresight — balancing between increasing variety and productive convergence |
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Authors: | Mikko Rask [Author Vitae] |
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Institution: | National Consumer Research Centre Finland, P.O. Box 5, FI-00531 Helsinki, Finland |
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Abstract: | Extensive involvement of social actors and perspectives is an increasing trend in foresight. Simultaneously, however, the theoretical literature suggests that there is a trade-off between increasing variety and productive convergence. The paper examines, through a sample of recent foresight exercises, how European foresight balances between variety and convergence. The findings support the existence of a trade-off, and suggest that it can be classified in two sub-categories: one between involvement and instrumentality, the other between creativeness and stakeholding. The study offers several options for reconciling and counterbalancing the mutually exclusive inclinations in the organising of foresight. |
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Keywords: | Balancing Foresight Governance of science and technology Productive convergence Requisite variety Science-society dialogue Trade-offs |
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