铁路重组的依据、方法论与路径分析

本文根据铁路行业的特定技术、经济、资源组织等约束条件,从实证和规范的双重角度分析了我国铁路重组应该遵循的依据、方法论与路径。文章认为,铁路属“内部弱竞争格局”的行业,以塑造行业内部竞争格局为出发点的重组模式不符合铁路的技术和经济特征;铁路是整体运输市场中的运输方式之一,作为一个企业集群式的行业,铁路重组依据是多维的:一是强调塑造整体运输市场竞争格局;二是必须考虑交易成本的高低;三是必须注重轮轨之间的综合效率;四是必须使铁路运输企业成为市场主体。文章强调铁路重组应该注重方法论的作用,否则可能会出现不应有的偏颇;铁路重组的路径应由“自上而下”改变为“自下而上”,即由行业主管部门主导的重组路径转化为由铁路运输企业主导的重组路径。

An Analysis of the Basis, Methodology and Path of Railway Restructure

According to the constraints of specific technique,economy and organizational resources,the author analyzes the basis,methodology and path of railway restructure with the help of normative and positive analysis.The author maintains that the restructure model regarding the internal industry competition pattern as the starting point does not accord with the railway's technological and economic characteristics. Railway is one of the modes of transportation,so its restructure has to be implemented on such basis as molding an integral competition pattern for the whole transportation market,consideration on the level of cost,the comprehensive efficiency and making the railway transportation enterprises as the main body of the market.This article emphasizes that we should pay great attention to the role of methodology while undertaking railway restructure,and the path of this restructure should be changed from "from top to bottom" to "from bottom to top".