研发效率、技术溢出与政府的创新补贴

 在一个三阶段博弈模型的基础上，本文研究了存在技术溢出情况下政府的创新激励政策与企业的研发策略。结果表明，无论是实行竞争型创新补贴政策还是合作型创新补贴政策，政府都应该优先补贴那些低成本、高效率的创新行为。贸易自由化提高了国家的创新补贴水平，但是技术溢出本身对创新补贴的影响却具有不确定性。文章的结果同时显示，贸易便利化的实施与高技术溢出提高了消费者剩余与国民福利水平。贸易壁垒虽然强化了企业对本国市场的垄断，但是，在考虑了政府的创新补贴政策后，具有创新激励的企业实际上更倾向于自由贸易结果，因此，相对于严格的专利保护制度，创新补贴政策可能更容易促进国民福利水平的提高。

R&D Efficiencies,Technical Spillovers and R&D Subsidies

Based on a three-stage game model, this paper studies technical spillovers and international trade cost’s effect on government’s R&D policies and domestic enterprise’s R&D actions. Results show that government should subsidize low cost and high efficiency R&D actions regardless of whether the government pursues competitive R&D policies or cooperative R&D policies. Trade liberation increases government’s optimal R&D subsides but technical spillovers have uncertain impact. Results also show trade liberation and technical spillovers increase consumer surplus and national welfare. Although trade barriers strengthen domestic enterprises monopoly power, but domestic enterprises favor trade liberation if there exist R&D subsides. Therefore, compared with patent protection policies, R&D subsides policies may increase national welfare more easily.