武装的中国:千年战略传统及其外交意蕴

作者从克劳塞维茨战争哲学的视野出发,审视在中国战略理念传统方面影响最久最大的《孙子兵法》,论述在战略精神和外交意蕴上与之契合的、汉帝国前期的外交防御和朝贡和平。接着,凸显中国另一类古代战略传统,即彻底歼灭和决战决胜的大规模远征。随后主要概述明朝中期儒家战略的得胜和中华帝国的军事衰落,前者显露出孙子式战略的压倒性显赫地位的政治文化基础。进至中国现代最伟大的战略家毛泽东,揭示和深切理解他的孙子与克劳塞维茨结合式的战争和战略方式,连同他的战略缔造和贯彻的活的灵魂。最后,在中国悠久传统的背景下,论析当代中国大战略的复合性内涵,并且提炼出对中国战略史和外交史饶有意义的几项深层道理:力量对比变迁与战略形态变迁之间有结构性因果联系;中国在深刻的文化意义上更易倾向于孙子式的或儒家的战略传统,连同其裨益与弊端;这种战略倾向有其复杂的外交意蕴和一贯的优先主题,即争取代价最小化而非收益最大化;因而,中国较难胜出的自我挑战较经常地在于,必需之际能够正面攻坚,以至决战决胜。

China in Arms:The Millennial Strategic Traditions and Their Diplomatic Implications

Starting from the perspective of Clausweitz's philosophical theory on war,this article examines Sun Tze's Art of War,which has had the greatest and the most long-standing influence in the millennial traditions of the Chinese strategic ideas,and expounds the diplomatic defense and tributary peace conducted by Imperial Han in its first century for dealing with the Empire of the Huns,which was in its essence a sort of feeble diplomacy imposed by the inferiority in strength.It also reveals and raises into promi...