加入合作社对种粮大户农机投资及服务供给行为的影响分析

农业机械化水平是衡量现代农业发展程度的重要指标。以种粮大户、合作社等为代表的新型农业经营主体逐渐成为农机投资和提供农机服务的主力军。基于2018年江苏省686个种粮大户的微观调查数据,本文选用了多重跨栏模型并采用控制函数法实证检验了加入合作社对种粮大户农机投资与提供农机服务的影响。研究发现:相较于未加入合作社的种粮大户,加入合作社的种粮大户购买农机和提供农机作业服务的动机更强,户均农机作业服务供给水平更高。具体而言,加入合作社的种粮大户,其农机投资和提供农机作业服务的概率分别上升10.5和12.5个百分点,户均农机作业服务收益约增加3.382万元。由此,本文提出三点政策建议:一是引导种粮大户兼具生产性和服务性的双重功能,并鼓励合作社将种粮大户组织起来,共同开展农机服务。二是发挥合作社的组织优势,引导种粮大户投资相对短缺的农机装备。三是农机补贴向服务供给短缺的农机品种倾斜。

An Analysis of the Effects of Joining Cooperatives on Agricultural Machinery Investment and Service Supply Behavior of Large Grain Growers

The level of agricultural mechanization is an important index to measure the development of modern agriculture.New types of agricultural operators such as large grain growers and cooperatives are expected to become the main force in purchasing agricultural machinery and providing agricultural machinery services.Based on the micro survey data of 686 large grain growers in Jiangsu Province in 2018,this article uses the multiple hurdle model and control function method to empirically test the impact of joining cooperatives on the investment in and provision of agricultural machinery services for large grain growers.The statistical results show that,compared to large grain growers who have not joined the agricultural cooperatives,those who have joined one would have a higher level of motivation to purchase agricultural machinery and provide agricultural machinery operation services,and average supply level of agricultural machinery operation services per household is higher.Specifically,the possibility of investment in agricultural machinery and provision of agricultural machinery operation services for large grain growers who joined cooperatives increased by 10.5 and 12.5 percentage points,respectively,and the average income from agricultural machinery operation services increased by about 33,820 Yuan per household.Finally,the study puts forward three policy suggestions based on the findings,namely,to improve both production function and service function of large grain growers and to encourage cooperatives to organize them to jointly carry out agricultural machinery services;to take the organizational advantages of cooperatives and to guide large grain producers to invest in agricultural machinery and equipment in shortage;to provide subsidies for agricultural machinery varieties which are in short supply.