农村生活垃圾分类治理：模式比较与政策启示——以北京市4个生态涵养区的治理案例为例

探索农村生活垃圾分类治理的有效模式对推进中国农村生活垃圾分类具有重要意义。本文依据集体行动逻辑理论、公共选择理论、委托代理理论和多中心治理理论,按照服务供给主体的不同,将农村生活垃圾分类治理分为村民自主供给、政府供给、市场供给和多元共治4种主要模式,通过对北京市生态涵养区生活垃圾分类工作的实地调查,深入剖析和比较了4种农村生活垃圾分类治理的实践模式。研究发现,4种模式各有利弊,适用条件也不尽相同。村"两委"群众基础好、有资金支持的村庄适宜推行村民自主供给模式;政府治理能力较强的乡镇适宜推行政府供给模式;政府治理能力较强、市场竞争相对充分的乡镇适宜推行市场供给模式;各相关主体有较高的资源禀赋,且有完善联动机制的乡镇适宜推行多元共治模式。

Classified Treatment Management of Rural Domestic Waste: Model Comparison and Policy Enlightenment Based on a Case Study of Four Ecological Conservation Areas in Beijing

Exploring the effective mode of classified treatment of rural domestic waste is of great significance for promoting the classification of rural domestic waste in China.Based on different service providers,this article divides the mode of classified treatment of rural domestic waste into four categories,namely,villagers’independent supply,government supply,market supply and multi-governance.It makes an in-depth analysis of these four modes based on the field investigation of domestic waste classification in four ecological conservation areas in Beijing.It finds that the four models have their own advantages and disadvantages,and their application conditions are different.The villages with good mass foundation and financial support are suitable for the implementation of the villagers’independent supply mode.Those with strong governance capacity are suitable for the implementation of the government supply mode.Those with strong governance capacity and relatively sufficient market competition are suitable for the implementation of the market supply mode.And those with high resource endowment and perfect linkage mechanism are suitable for the implementation of the multi-governance mode.