石家庄市城市道路扬尘成分谱及特征分析

为研究石家庄市道路扬尘对大气环境的影响,对石家庄市城市道路12个路段扬尘进行样品采集,经再悬浮处理后采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法、离子色谱法和热光分析法对扬尘中PM_(10)及PM_(2.5)样品进行无机元素、水溶性离子和碳进行分析,建立了石家庄市城市道路扬尘中PM_(10)及PM_(2.5)成分谱,确定标识性元素为Ca与Si,其中水溶性离子大多存在于PM_(2.5)中,主要为Ca~(2+)和SO_4~(2-)。通过研究成分谱中各组分成分特征,可知石家庄市城市道路扬尘主要来源于建筑施工、燃煤排放、土壤风沙和机动车尾气排放,其中扬尘中的细颗粒物主要来源于燃煤排放。因此应采取综合治理的方法减少石家庄市城市道路扬尘。

Component spectrum and emission characteristic analysis of the urban road dust in Shijiazhuang City

To study the effect of road dust to the environment atmosphere of Shijiazhuang City, the urban road dust of 12 roads in Shijiazhuang City is sampled. After resuspension, the PM10 and PM2.5 samples are determinated by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, ion chromatography and thermal analysis of inorganic elements, water soluble ions and carbon. The component spectrum of the urban road dust of Shijiazhuang City is built. The identity elements are Ca and Si, and the water soluble ions(which are mainly Ca²⁺ and SO^2-₄) mostly exist in PM2.5. It is proved that the main sources of the urban road dust in Shijiazhuang City are building construction dust, burning coal dust, the soil wind dust and automobile exhaust dust, and the fine particulate matter in the dust mainly comes from burning coal dust. So it is advised that comprehensive treatment be adopted to reduce the urban road dust in Shijiazhuang City.