水利风景区管理效能评估及影响因素识别——基于181个国家级水利风景区样本

基于管理规范、管理执行、管理支持和管理效益4个方面的指标构建,对中国181个国家水利风景区进行问卷调查,以评价水利风景区的管理效能。结果表明:181个水利风景区管理效能平均得分为58.4分,得分低于60分的水利风景区占54.7%,说明我国水利风景区的管理效能总体偏低;水利风景区管理效能与景区类型、批准设立时间、地域分布、所在地区域经济发展水平、主要功能、管理机构独立性差异显著,与面积大小和经营性质之间差异不显著。从分类指标看,管理效果类指标得分最低,从全部指标看,土地权属、游客控制、餐住布局、管理条例、环境保护考核、生态厕所、居民参与、资源调查、保护经费、环境保护宣传、环境保护培训、经营情况等10个指标得分低于平均分。建议破除管理体制障碍,实行分类管理,试点跨流域、市场化、多功能间生态补偿制度,实行特许经营制度,加强自然保护地监督管理,完善自然保护地制度体系。

Evaluation of management performance and identification of influencing factors of water parks based on samples of 181 national water parks in China

Based on four types of indices of management rules, management implementation, management support and management effectiveness, a questionnaire survey is conducted involving 181 Chinese national water parks(abbreviated as CNWPs)to assess their management performance. The results demonstrate that 181 CNWPs have an average score of 58. 4, and 54. 7% of them have a score below 60 of the total score, illustrating that their general management performance is relatively low. There is a significant difference in the scores of the management performance among CNWPs with different types, established time, regions, economic levels, main functions and institutional independence, while there is no significant difference among CNWPs with different areas and types of business. The average scores of the management implementation are the lowest than those of the other three types of indices. From the whole factors, the scores of the land ownership, control of tourists, layout of catering and lodging, management plan, green performance appraisal, utilization of bio-toilets, community participation, resource censor, protection fund, environmental propaganda, environmental training and operating conditions are lower than the average ones. The following suggestions are proposed: reform of management system, implementation of classified management system, exploration of ecological compensation of inter-basin, marketization and multi-function, implementation of the franchise system, strengthening of supervision over natural protection and improvement of the system of natural protection.