对外贸易对我国城乡收入差距影响的实证分析

本文利用1978-2007年间我国31个省市的面板数据,对进出口贸易对我国城乡收入差距影响的效应进行了实证研究。研究结果表明,对外贸易是影响我国城乡收入差距的重要因素。对外贸易主要通过就业和工资水平途径影响国内城乡收入差距,不同时期,对外贸易对我国不同类型劳动者的就业及其工资水平的影响不同。对外贸易对我国就业的影响主要表现为就业数量扩大效应和就业质量偏向效应,就业数量扩大效应有利于缩小城乡收入差距,就业质量偏向效应扩大了城乡收入差距,对外贸易对我国城乡居民收入差距的影响就是这两种效应的综合。因此,我国政府应高度重视对外贸易的城乡收入分配效应,趋利避害,综合实施各种措施,同时达到经济发展和城乡居民收入差距缩小的目标。

Effects of International Trade on Urban-rural Income Gap in China

With the provincial panel data from 1978 to 2007,this paper makes an empirical analysis on the effects of international trade on urban-rural income gap in China.The authors find that international trade plays a key role in forming the enormous urban-rural gap.International trade affects urban-rural income gap by employment and wage.It has different effects on skilled workers and unskilled workers in different period.International trade contributes to the decline of urban-rural income gap by expanding employment as well as the increase of urban-rural income gap by biased employment.So China should pay attention to the effects of international trade on urban-rural income gap and carry out some policies.