径流过程水分滞留时间研究进展

径流过程水分滞留时间可以揭示有关水的储存、水流路径和水分来源的信息,用于表征和比较不同的水文系统,并且广泛地用来描述流域功能。在前人对径流过程水分滞留时间研究的基础上,系统地总结了地形、土壤覆盖和气候等因素对流域水分滞留时间的影响,分析了同位素和水化学示踪剂在滞留时间评估中的应用,综述了估算水分滞留时间的集总参数模型的研究进展。水文示踪和集总参数模型是研究水分滞留时间的有效手段,强化流域水文循环全要素监测,系统研究关键带径流组分滞留时间是未来深入揭示流域水文过程响应机制的重要内容和研究方向。

Research progress on water residence time in runoff process

Water residence time can reveal information of water storage, flow paths and water sources. It could be used to characterize and compare different hydrological systems, and has been widely applied to describe catchment functions. Based on the previous studies on water residence time in runoff processes, this paper systematically reviewed the progress on effects of topography, soil cover and climate on water residence time in catchments, analyzed the applications of isotopic and hydrochemical tracers in the evaluation of residence time, and reviewed the research on lumped parameter models in estimating water residence time. Hydrological tracing and lumped parameter models are effective approaches to estimate water residence time. To strengthen the monitoring of catchment hydrological cycle and systematically study the residence time of runoff components in key zones is an important content and research direction to reveal the response mechanism of hydrological process in the future.