考虑供电枢纽传输成本的充电站选址定容模型

电动汽车及其配套设施的发展受制于早期形成的有限布局，不断增长的电动汽车市场规模和充电需求产生矛盾。充电站的建设运营方能够在巨大潜力的充电设施发展中获得巨大利好。通过以最大化充电站建设运营方的利润为优化目标，构建需求覆盖选址模型，权衡供电枢纽、充电站和充电桩的成本和满足充电需求的收入，利用遗传算法求解获得选址定容的决策。研究发现：一方面，充电站的覆盖半径对利润和决策结果影响较大且复杂，充电站投资建设前期需要对影响覆盖范围的诸多因素进行市场调研；另一方面，铺电单位成本对决策结果影响明显，相对高的铺电成本会抑制充电站选址数量和容量大小，从而降低利润。因此充电站投资建设方需要分别对两类成本做好数据调研，避免决策结果出现较大偏差。

A Location Model for Charging Station and Capacity Considering the Transfer Cost of Power Supply Hub

The current state of development of electric vehicles and their supporting facilities is constrained by the limited layout formed in the early years, and the contradiction between the growing market of electric vehicles and the demand for charging. The construction and operation of charging stations can gain great benefits from the development of charging facilities with great potentials. Considering these factors, taking profit maximizing of charging station owner as the target, a siting and sizing model is constructed.By weighing the costs of power supply hubs, charging stations and charging piles, and the income from satisfying charging demand, the results can be obtained from optimization by utilizing genetic algorithm. It is found that the radius of coverage of charging stations has a large and complex impact on profits and decision result, and it is necessary to conduct market research on many factors affecting the coverage in the pre-investment period of charging station construction. On the other hand, the unit cost of laying electricity has an obvious impact on the decision-making results, and the relatively high cost of laying electricity inhibits the number of charging stations and their capacity, which in turn reduces the profits. Therefore,in order to avoid large deviation in decision result,the two kind of cost should be analyzed at the beginning of the work.