中国有机农业企业基地的空间依赖性与影响因素分析——以四川省为例

目的 提升国内有机农业空间布局规模化、集聚化程度，辨明有机农业企业及其生产组织主体的分布规律与影响因素，有利于促进我国有机农业、企业及生产组织主体空间与结构的进一步优化与调控。方法 文章采用ArcGIS、相关性分析法和SPSS数据处理，通过中国农产品认证信息系统构建有机农业数据库，分别使用定量与定性方法，分析全国有机认证企业的基地分布格局与特征，并深入剖析四川省有机农业认证企业基地的空间演化规律及其影响因素。结果 （1）2012—2021年中国以及四川省有机认证企业基地数量存在非均衡性空间分布，且四川省内地区差异性日趋显著；（2）四川省有机农业企业基地的空间分布不具有显著集聚特征，重心由中部向东部偏移，分布区域呈由中心向四周扩散的趋势。（3）分析显示：种植基底条件、环境质量、经济发展水平、农业生产比重、交通运输能力、城市发展水平、产业补贴力度和政策指引强度8类综合影响因子对四川省有机农业企业基地的空间分布均具有正向影响，其中城市经济水平和交通运输能力等因子的相关性较为显著。结论 社会、经济、政策和自然4种因素对我国有机农业企业基地分布的影响程度依次递减，经济发展水平、交通运输能力和城镇化水平的影响力最为显著。未来中国和四川省有机农业企业基地的空间优化发展应重点培育优势地区企业和基地的外部环境与要素条件，以形成有机农业企业认证基地的优势规模空间与良好的区域乘数效应；依据有机农业认证企业基地分布重心的变化，可提供相应的空间政策、经济和社会等方面服务与条件支持，促进现有基地中心地区与空间集聚区的强化与提升。

SPATIAL EVOLUTION AND INFLUENCING FACTORS OF ORGANIC AGRICULTURAL ENTERPRISES BASES IN SICHUAN PROVINCE, CHINA

Improving the scale and spatial agglomeration of domestic organic agriculture industry and identifying the factors underlying the distribution and spatial structure of organic agriculture enterprises is the key to promote the spatial optimization and regulation of organic agriculture industry and enterprises in China. Drawing upon ArcGIS, correlation analysis and SPSS data processing, this paper retrieved data from the China Agricultural Products Certification Information System to build an organic agriculture data base, used quantitative and qualitative methods to analyze the pattern and characteristics of the spatial distribution of organic certification bases in China, and explored the influencing factors through a case study in Sichuan province. The results were listed as follow. (1) From 2012 to 2021, there was an unbalanced spatial distribution of the number of organic certification bases in China and Sichuan province. The spatial distribution of organic agricultural bases in Sichuan province was not characterized by significant agglomeration. (2) The number and center of gravity of the bases shifted from the middle to the east, and the distribution showed a trend of diffusion from the center to the surrounding areas. (3) The analysis data showed that eight factors, including natural and physical conditions, environmental quality, economic development level, the share of agricultural production in local economy, transportation capacity, urbanization level, industrial subsidy and government policy support, had a positive impact on the distribution of the number of organic agricultural bases in Sichuan province, in which the effects of urban economic development level and transportation capacity were more pronounced. In summary, compared with social, economic, policy and natural factors, urbanization level, economic development level and transportation capacity exerted more significant on the distribution of organic enterprises in China. Therefore, in the future, the spatial optimization and development of organic agricultural enterprise bases in China and Sichuan province should focus on cultivating the external environment and favorable socio-economic conditions in advantageous regions to form optimal scale and unfold regional multiplier effects. According to the change of the distribution center of the organic agricultural certification base, we should provide policy, economic and social services and supporting conditions to promote the strengthening and upgrading of the existing core areas of distribution and spatial agglomeration.