易地扶贫搬迁户收入结构差异归因及优化路径

文章基于大别山片区湖北省域内38个行政村农户调查数据,从微型角度将所访易地扶贫搬迁农户家庭收入科学分类。借助地理探测器(Geographic detector)和Tobit模型(Tobit model),探究搬迁户家庭收入结构转变和收入高低的影响因子,确定影响因子解释力优先序列和显著性,结合分析结果提出适宜建议。结果表明:(1)收入结构单因子解释力有很大差异,且双因子交互作用驱动力均高于单一因子。其中家庭类型和家庭综合受教育程度驱动力最为显著。(2)各影响因子分别作用于家庭工资性、生产经营性、转移性收入的贡献度有所不同,收入提升阶段应重点关注贡献程度较高的影响因子。(3)易地扶贫搬迁后续巩固提升工作,应因户施策地引导搬迁户选取适宜家庭未来生计生活提升的收入结构优化路径。

Causes of Income Structure Difference and Its Optimized Path for the Relocated Farmers of Poverty Alleviation

Based on a survey of farmers in 38 administrative villages of Mount Dabie in Hubei Province, this paper classifies the economic income from production and living of the relocated rural households from the micro-perspective,mainly divides the family income structure into the wage income,the transfer income,the production management income and the property income. With the help of Geographic detector and Tobit model,this paper explores the impact factors of income structure conversion and income level of relocated households, and determines the priority sequence and significance of each factor. The results show that:( 1) The single-factor explanatory power of income structure is significantly different,and the driving force of two-factor interaction is higher than that of single factor. Among them,the driving force of family type and comprehensive education level is the most significant. (2) The contribution of each factor to the family wage, production and management, and transfer income is different, so it should pay more attention to the higher contribution in the income promotion stage. (3) Combining with the follow-up policy of relocation to help the poor in inhospitable areas,it’s necessary to guide the relocated households to choose the optimal path of income structure.