近20年北京和张家口地区滑雪场发展及其空间分布特征

滑雪场的空间分布及空间重心的变化可以反映出一定时期内区域冰雪体育旅游的发展趋势。以冬奥会赛区--北京—张家口地区(以下简称"京张地区")滑雪场为研究对象,通过重心分析方法,揭示了近20年京张两地滑雪场空间格局的变化特征,并据此划分了冰雪产业的发展阶段。结果表明:(1)1996—2018年北京市滑雪场建设大致经历了"快速扩张""中速发展"和"稳定发展"3个时期,而张家口则基本上呈现"缓慢萌芽"和"快速扩张"2个阶段;北京市滑雪场呈分散状分布,而张家口滑雪场则呈现集中分布。(2)近20年京张地区滑雪场空间重心总体表现为先向东南方向移动(由张家口到北京)而后又向西北折返(由北京向张家口)的趋势,2010年前后是转折点,而申奥等政策因素是促进重心移动路径发生逆转的主要原因。(3)京张地区滑雪场重心和规模重心移动较好反映了数量与规模的扩张速度,为理解京张地区以滑雪场为核心的冰雪体育运动发展提供了新的研究视角,为京张体育文化旅游产业带的健康发展提供了决策依据。

The Development and Spatial Distribution Characteristics of Ski Resorts in Beijing and Zhangjiakou in Recent 20 Years

The spatial distribution of ski resorts and their change of spatial gravity center can reflect the development trend of regional skating and skiing sports tourism in a certain period of time. Taking the Beijing-Zhangjiakou ski resorts where will hold the 24 th Winter Olympic Games as the research object,this paper reveals the evolution of ski resorts in Beijing and Zhangjiakou in the past two decades, and then divides the development stage of ice and snow industry, via using the method of gravity center analysis. The results show that: (1) From 1996 to 2018,the construction of ski resorts in Beijing has roughly experienced three stages of "rapid expansion", "medium-speed development" and "stable development", while Zhangjiakou basically experienced two stages of "slow germination" and "rapid expansion". The distribution of ski resorts in Beijing is scattered, while that in Zhangjiakou is concentrated. (2) In recent 20 years, the overall spatial gravity centers of the Beijing-Zhangjiakou ski resorts shift from the southeast(from Zhangjiakou to Beijing) to the northwest(from Beijing to Zhangjiakou). It had a turning point around 2010,and the main reason of the turning was the bidding for the Olympic Games. (3) The movement of the gravity center and the weighted gravity center of ski resorts reflect the expansion speed of quantity and scale of ski resorts in Beijing and Zhangjiakou. The research on ski resorts provides a new research perspective for understanding the development of ice and snow sports in Beijing and Zhangjiakou.