矿山修复治理保证金的标准核算模型

研究目的：探究中国矿山修复治理保证金的最大标准和最小标准理论模型。研究方法：根据矿产资源开发生态补偿的定义，分别建立最小补偿费用和最大补偿费用核算模型，并运用AHP确定最小标准的影响因子体系。研究结果：（1）矿山修复治理保证金最大标准由矿区土地复垦费用、环境污染修复费、健康损失与发展机会补偿费构成；（2）矿山修复治理保证金最小标准核算以复垦工程发生成本为依据，影响因子体系包括：开采矿种、开采方法、矿区地形地貌、矿区地质条件和复垦土地使用方向。研究结论：用影响因子体系构建的最小保证金核算模型，不仅使补偿标准的核定方法统一，而且补偿费用的可浮动性体现了区域间各矿区的实际差异性。

Models of Calculating the Cash Deposit Standard for Mining Area Restoration and Rectification

The purpose of this paper is to probe into the models of maximum and the minimum standards of cash deposit for mining area restoration and rectification in China. The method used is to build the models for minimum and maximum compensation standards according to the definition of eco-compensation for mine exploitation. Furthermore, Analytic Hierarchy Process （AHP） is adopted to analyze the influential factors regarding the minimum standard. The results of this paper show that （1）the maximum standard of cash deposit for mine restoration and rectification includes the expenses of mining land reclamation, environmental-pollution recovery, compensation for health loss and development opportunity loss; （2）meanwhile, the minimum standard is based on the real incurred cost of reclamation project, and its factor system includes the mineral categories, exploitation measures, landform conditions and geological conditions in the mining area, and the future use of the reclaimed land. The conclusion is that the model of the minimum standard of cash deposit built in the paper not only unifies different methods of compensation assessment, but also shows its flexibility, reflecting the actual difference between mining areas in practice.