浙江农民宅基地退出模式调研与思考

浙江丽水等地通过旧村改造、移民下山，海宁等地通过“两新”建设等积极推动农民宅基地退出和置换。农民拆除原有宅基地，可以按统一规划在原址重建、异地重建新房，也可以选择入住统一建设的公寓房，到县或镇购买经济适用房，或者直接获得现金补偿。但宅基地退出存在4个两难：整村推进还是零星搬迁？先拆后建还是先建后拆？节约指标留在村里还是卖到城里？旧宅基地是复垦为耕地还是因地制宜？规范有序引导农民宅基地退出的建议：一是因地制宜，赋予农民多样化选择的权利；二是整体谋划，分步推进农民宅基地退出；三是严格控制，规范节余指标的使用和收益分配；四是加强监管，维护农村土地管理秩序。

A Survey and an analysis on the Modes of Rural Residential Land Readjustment in Zhejiang Province

Various measures were adopted to actively push forward the rural residential land readjustment in Zhejiang province, including the reconstruction of old village and relocation of farmers from the mountain in Lishui County, as well as the so-called Two Renovation Development in Haining County. Farmers who quit their house can be compensated through diverse options, such as constructing new houses at the same location or other places according to the land planning, choosing uniformly-built apartment, or buying social welfare house in the county or town with lower price, or even directly in cash. There are four kinds of dilemmas in the readjustment, i.e.（1）relocating village wholly or partially;（2）constructing after demolishment or demolishing after construction;（3）remaining the saved construction land quota in the village or sell the quota to the urban area;（4）reclaiming the former residential land into cultivated land or make a decision regarding the local conditions. The paper concludes with some suggestions for guiding the rural residential land readjustment. First, farmers should be authorized with diverse options according to local conditions. Second, the rural residential land readjustment should be implemented step by step under the guidance of a general planning. Third, the use of the saved construction land quota and the distribution of profits should be strictly regulated. Fourth, it is necessary to enhance the supervision in order to maintain the order of land administration in the rural area.