Gathering plants and fungi along the urban-rural gradient: Uncovering differences in the attitudes and practices among urban,suburban, and rural landowners |
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| Institution: | 1. Boston University, Department of Earth and Environment, 685 Commonwealth Ave, Suite 130, Boston, MA 02215, USA;2. Ursinus College, Department of Environmental Studies, PO Box 1000, Collegeville, PA 19426, USA;1. Belarusian State Technological University, Department of Economics and Plant Management, Belarus;2. Belarusian State Technological University, Production Organization and Real Estate Economics Department, Sverdlov Street 13a, 220006 Minsk, Belarus;3. University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Department of Economic and Regional Policy, Oczapowskiego Street 4, 10-724 Olsztyn, Poland;4. University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Department of Real Estate Management and Regional Development, Prawocheńskiego Street 15, 10-724 Olsztyn, Poland;1. Leibniz Institute for Agricultural Engineering, Potsdam-Bornim, Germany;2. Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Germany;3. Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research, Germany;1. Institute of Geography, Humboldt University Berlin, Unter den Linden 6, 10099 Berlin, Germany;2. Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research, Telegraphenberg A 31, 14473 Potsdam, Germany;3. Landscape Ecology and Environmental Systems Analysis, Institute of Geoecology, Technische Universität Braunschweig, Germany;1. ENEA BIOAG-PROBIO, Rome, Italy;2. Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Italy;3. Institute Cell Biology and Neurobiology, National Research Council, Monterotondo, RM, Italy;4. Global Diversity Foundation, UK;5. Szent István University Budapest, Hungary;6. University of Cagliari, Italy;7. University of Pisa, Italy;8. ISARA-Lyon, France;9. IEZ Ltd., Beek, The Netherlands;10. SDLO, Wageningen, The Netherlands;11. IMDEA-Food, CEI UAM+CSIC, Madrid, Spain;1. Dept of Physical Geography, University of Freiburg, Werthmannstr. 4, D-79085 Freiburg, Germany;2. Dept of Environmental Sciences, Rhodes University, Grahamstown 6140, South Africa |
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| Abstract: | Gathering non-timber forest products (NTFPs) in cities and rural areas has received growing attention in research and news media. Yet little is known about the frequency of these activities and how attitudes about and the practice of gathering differ across urban, suburban, and rural areas. We report on findings from a mail survey of landowners across two urban-rural gradients in central and eastern Massachusetts, USA. The survey queried (a) attitudes towards gathering and a variety of other environmental benefits, (b) the practice of gathering, and (c) where gatherers harvest species. Survey responses reveal that gathering is not a controversial use of land and is a relatively widespread activity across urban, suburban, and rural areas. Further, the results show that gathering occurs on a mix of private and public lands and that there are important differences in the practice of gathering among individuals living in urban, suburban, and rural areas. Our findings have implications for understanding the social and ecological dynamics of gathering and suggest that more research on gathering and other natural resource management issues is needed, particularly in (sub)urban areas. |
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| Keywords: | Gathering Nontimber forest products Urban-rural gradient Natural resource management Urban ecosystems |
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