Integrated landscape initiatives in Europe: Multi-sector collaboration in multi-functional landscapes |
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| Institution: | 1. Institute of Ecology, Faculty of Sustainability, Leuphana University Lueneburg, 21335 Lueneburg, Germany;2. Center for Environmental and Sustainability Research, Environmental Sciences and Engineering Department, Faculty of Science and Technology, NOVA University of Lisbon, Campus da Caparica, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal;3. National Institute of Agrarian and Veterinary Research, I.P., Quinta do Marquês, 2780-159 Oeiras, Portugal;4. Department of Agricultural, Forest and Food Sciences, University of Torino, 10095 Grugliasco (TO), Italy;5. Babes-Bolyai University, Hungarian Department of Biology and Ecology, 400006 Cluj-Napoca, Romania;6. Biogeography and Geomatics, Department of Physical Geography, Stockholm University, 10691, Stockholm, Sweden;7. Environmental and Natural Resources, Department of Forestry, University of Freiburg, 79098 Freiburg, Germany;8. Division of Social-Ecological Interactions in Agricultural Systems, University of Kassel and University of Göttingen, D-37213 Witzenhausen, Germany;9. Chair of Natural Resources, Department of Zoology, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, Tartu University, 51014 Tartu, Estonia;10. MTA Centre for Ecological Research, 2163 Vácrátót, Hungary |
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| Abstract: | Landscapes are linked to human well-being in a multitude of ways, some of which are challenged by global market forces and traditional management approaches. In response to this situation there has been a rise in local initiatives to sustain the values of landscape. The aim of this paper is to provide a systematic analysis of the spectrum of these initiatives in Europe in terms of patterns of organisation, participants, resources, problems, and landscape values addressed. This review collects examples of integrated landscape initiatives from all over Europe through systematic internet key word searches and canvassing of European umbrella organisations; followed by an online survey of representatives from the identified initiatives (n = 71). Our results show that the most relevant characteristics of integrated landscape initiatives in Europe are: a holistic approach to landscape management (acting in multifunctional landscapes and combining different objectives), the involvement and coordination of different sectors and stakeholders at many levels, and the role as agents of awareness raising and learning hubs. Integrated landscape initiatives mainly depend on impulses of local civil society. Identified barriers to their work include a lack of funding and institutional support. Therefore, political and societal action is needed to increase their effectiveness. |
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| Keywords: | Landscape stewardship Landscape governance Integrated landscape management Bridging organisations Community-based management Landscape values |
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