A game of give and take: The introduction of multi-layer (water) safety in the Netherlands and Flanders |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Radboud University, Institute for Management Research, P.O. Box 9108, 6500 HK Nijmegen, The Netherlands;2. University of Antwerp, S.Z. 101, 2000 Antwerp, Belgium;1. Belarusian State Technological University, Department of Economics and Plant Management, Belarus;2. Belarusian State Technological University, Production Organization and Real Estate Economics Department, Sverdlov Street 13a, 220006 Minsk, Belarus;3. University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Department of Economic and Regional Policy, Oczapowskiego Street 4, 10-724 Olsztyn, Poland;4. University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, Department of Real Estate Management and Regional Development, Prawocheńskiego Street 15, 10-724 Olsztyn, Poland;1. Dipartimento di Economia e Impresa- DEIM, Università della Tuscia,Via del Paradiso 47, 01100 Viterbo, Italy;2. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations – FAO, V.le delle Terme di Caracalla, 00100 Rome, Italy;3. Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Cra 27 #64-60 Manizales, Caldas, Colombia;4. Dipartimento per la Innovazione nei Sistemi Biologici Agroalimentari e Forestali – DIBAF, Università della Tuscia, Via S. C. De Lellis snc, 01100 Viterbo, Italy;1. School of Occupational Therapy & Social Work, Curtin University, GPO Box U1987, Perth, WA 6845, Australia;2. School of Education and Communication, CHILD Programme, Institute of Disability Research, Jönköping University, Sweden;3. Department of Medical and Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Linköping University & Pain and Rehabilitation Centre, Anaesthetics, Operations and Speciality Surgery Center, Region Östergötland, SE-581 85, Linköping, Sweden;4. School of Occupational Therapy, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, 3086, Australia;5. Chalmers University of Technology, Shipping and Marine Technology, SE 412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden;6. The Swedish Transport Administration, Borlänge, Sweden;1. Millennium Nucleus Center for the Socioeconomic Impact of Environmental Policies (CESIEP) and the Department of Agricultural Economics of the Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile;2. Department of Agricultural Economics of the Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile;3. Ministry of Social Development, Government of Chile, Santiago, Chile |
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| Abstract: | At the beginning of the 21st century, the Netherlands and Flanders introduced a risk-based approach to flood risk management (FRM), labelled as multi-layer (water) safety. In contrast to a flood defence approach, risk-based management stresses the need to manage both the consequences and probability of a flood. The concept has developed differently in the two countries, as we conclude from a discursive-institutionalist research perspective. The Netherlands is characterised by a high institutionalization of the traditional flood defence discourse and a more closed policy arrangement, whereas in Flanders, the flood defence discourse is less institutionalized and the arrangement is more open. In both countries we see an opening of the arrangement preceding the establishment of multi-layer (water) safety, but at the same time, actors stress different aspects of the concept in order to increase its compatibility with the existing policy arrangement. In the Netherlands, the focus is on probability management, in Flanders on consequence management. In the Netherlands, multi-layer (water) safety as a concept could be established because it stabilises the system in the short-term by reinforcing the importance of flood defence, whereas in Flanders, policymakers were receptive to the concept because it supports a shift of responsibility towards actors outside traditional water management. |
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| Keywords: | Flood risk management Multi-layered (water) safety Policy analysis Discourse structuration Discourse institutionalisation |
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