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Using competing models to evaluate the role of environmental pressures in ecommerce adoption by small and medium sized travel agents in a developing country
Institution:1. Faculty of Tourism and Hotels, Fayoum University, Tourism Studies Dep, PO Box 63514, Egypt;2. School of Tourism and Hospitality, Plymouth University, Room 324, Cookworthy Building, Drakes Circus, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, UK;3. Plymouth Graduate School of Management, Plymouth University, Room 208, Mast House, 24 Sutton Road, Plymouth, PL4 0HJ, UK;1. Amman University College for Financial & Administrative Sciences, Al Balqa Applied University, Jordan;2. School of Design, Communication and Information Technology, The University of Newcastle, Australia;1. Business School, Hohai University, Nanjing, China;2. King''s College London, UK;1. Neeley School of Business, Texas Christian University, TCU Box 298530, Fort Worth, TX 76129, U.S.A.;2. Walton College of Business, University of Arkansas, Business Building 475, Fayetteville, AR 72701, U.S.A.;1. School of Tourism Management, South China Normal University, Zhongshan Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province 510631, China;2. College of Tourism, Huaqiao University, Chenghuabei Road, Quanzhou, Fujian Province 362021, China;3. Tourism & Hospitality Management Department, School of Management, Xiamen University, Siming Road, Xiamen, Fujian Province 361005, China;1. Department of Information Technology Management, Academic Institute of Mizan, Tabriz, Iran;2. Department of Computer Engineering, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran
Abstract:This study investigates the factors that influence e-commerce adoption in SME travel agents in a developing country. The research is based upon a questionnaire survey of travel agents in Egypt and employs advanced statistical techniques to test a conceptual framework that extends the technology acceptance model. Using competing models the study examines the relationship between e-commerce adoption, perceived benefits, perceived barriers and environmental pressures. The results indicate that environmental pressures significantly affect the perceived benefits and barriers of e-commerce adoption, in addition to having an indirect effect on adoption behaviour. Insights are provided into the nature of relationships between the key factors that determine e-commerce adoption and the extent to which they can be used to develop effective strategies for SME travel agent re-intermediation in the global travel market. Implications are identified for practice and government policy in relation to the use of e-commerce in SME travel businesses in developing countries.
Keywords:Travel agents  SMEs  E-Commerce adoption  Technology acceptance model (TAM)  Environmental pressures  Developing countries  Structural competing models
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