产业集聚的外部性机制——来自中国的实证研究

本文探讨了中国产业集聚的外部性机制问题,并由此系统地对我国的劳动生产率与产业专业化和多样化之间的关系进行了实证研究。研究发现:(1)不论是静态的影响,还是动态的作用过程,外部性在产业集聚中都发挥了很大的作用;(2)从静态角度看,产业专业化和多样化都促进了劳动生产率的提高;(3)从动态角度看,产业专业化阻碍了劳动生产率的提高,产业多样化在统计上不显著;(4)劳动生产率在地区之间可以分为泾渭分明的三个层次,但劳动生产率的增长在地区间有收敛的趋势。本文所包含的政策含义是,大力推动地区间的一体化进程,将目前集聚在东部沿海地区的制造业转移到某些中部省份,这可能是实现缩小地区差距和地区经济协调发展目标迈出的第一步。

Industry Agglomeration and Externalities: the Case of China

This paper did some research of externalities,which affects Chinese industrial agglomeration,and provided empirical evidence on the relation between labor productivity and industrial specialization and industrial diversity.By the study we find four points:There is a strong evidence that externalities had great effects on China industrial agglomeration,no matter in static or dynamic process;Statically,industrial specialization and diversity enhance the labor productivity;Dynamically,industrial specialization baffles the improvement of labor productivity while there is a weak evidence of the effect of industrial diversity on the labor productivity statistically;As for region development disparity,there are three obvious levels of region labor productivity,but the rate of region productivity growth converged over time.This paper implies strong political meaning.If force the integration process and transfer some industries,now huddle in the east coastal areas to interior areas,it will make an significant and first step to shrink regional disparity and keep regional economics in harmonious development.