基于景观生态学的区域土地利用结构演变及优化分析——以北京市顺义区为例

从景观生态的角度对北京市顺义区1996-2006年的土地利用结构演变进行数量与空间特征变化分析,并借助马尔科夫模型进行用地预测,获得该区土地利用演变规律:顺义区地类的面积比例呈现出均一化的特点,耕地和未利用地的数量减少,建设用地、生态用地和廊道增加,且建设用地将在10a之内代替耕地成为该区域的优势景观类型,而生态用地、廊道与未利用地将维持一个相对稳态;空间层面上,研究区整体景观的破碎度增加,聚集度减少,景观形状呈现简单化,景观异质性和多样性增强。最后,以"斑块-廊道-基质"理论为依据,构建出顺义区土地利用结构优化框架:即集中耕地形成基质,斑块的布局应该特别注重生态节点的建设和生态敏感地带的保护及建设生态廊道。

Evolution and Optimization of Regional Land Use Structure Based on Landscape Ecology:A Case Study of Shunyi District, Beijing City

This paper conducts an analysis of land use structure evolution in terms of quantity and spatial characteristics in Shunyi District,Beijing City,between 1996 and 2006,from the view of landscape ecology.Using the Markov model,the paper predicts land use and obtains the evolution law of land use in the district,i.e.,the area proportion of land use types in Shunyi District turns has been homogeneous as a whole,and with the decrease of arable land and unused land and the increase of construction land,land for ecological purpose and corridor,the predominant landscape type of land in the district will be construction land instead of arable land and land for ecological purpose,corridor and unused land will remain comparatively stable.In terms of space,landscape fragmentation has increased,aggregation level decreased,landscape shape simplified,and landscape heterogeneity and diversity enhanced through a decade.Finally,based on the theory of "Patch-Corridor-Matrix",the paper proposes the construction of land use frame of the district.