四川省土壤侵蚀空间分布规律研究

为了摸清四川省土壤侵蚀空间分布情况,依据全国土壤侵蚀分级系统、强度划分体系,利用GIS分析方法对全省土壤侵蚀类型与强度进行了分析。研究结果表明:①土壤侵蚀类型分水蚀、冻融侵蚀和风蚀三类,但侵蚀类型的空间差异明显,水蚀严重区位于川东,冻融侵蚀作用影响区为川西,风蚀影响区为川北一带;②水力侵蚀为土壤侵蚀最主要的类型,影响面积占总面积的87.7%,冻融次之,风蚀影响面积最小;③侵蚀强度分析显示水力侵蚀强度最大,风蚀强度次之,冻融侵蚀对土壤的破坏程度最小;④土壤侵蚀的分布与地貌、海拔、坡度、坡向等地形因素及与人类的活动密切相关。

A Study of Distribution Regularity of Soil Erosion in Sichuan Province

In order to grasp the precise distribution of soil erosion in Sichuan Province,the authors has studied the spatial distribution,area,intensity and relevant factors of soil erosion with GIS and other correlation analysis software.The results show that,firstly,soil erosion in Sichuan Province is classified into three types,i.e.,water erosion,freeze-thaw erosion and wind erosion,with evident regional difference.The severe water erosion area was located in the east of Sichuan,freeze-thaw erosion area in the west and the wind-affected zone in the northern region.Secondly,water erosion is the main type of soil erosion.The proportion of the total area was 87.7%,followed by freeze-thaw erosion and wind erosion.Thirdly,the erosion intensity shows that water erosion has made the greatest contribution to soil damage,followed by wind erosion and freeze-thaw erosion.Finally,the distribution of soil erosion is not only related to the landscape,terrain elevation and other factors but also to the human activities.