Internationalization: From incremental to born global |
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| Institution: | 1. Global Management, Helen Jackson Chair of International Management, Atkinson Graduate School of Management, Willamette University, 900 State Street, Salem, OR 97301, USA;2. International Business, UQ Business School, The University of Queensland, St Lucia 4072, QLD, Australia;1. University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA;2. Bond University, Gold Coast, Australia;3. University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia;1. Aarhus University, School of Business and Social Sciences, Department of Economics, Fuglesangs Allé 4, DK-8210 Aarhus, Denmark;2. Aarhus University, School of Business and Social Sciences, Department of Management, Bartholins Allé 10, DK-8000 Aarhus, Denmark;3. University of Passau, Faculty of Business Administration and Business, Chair of International Economics, Dr.-Hans-Kapfinger-Str. 14b, 94032 Passau, Germany |
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| Abstract: | In this paper, we summarize how internationalization research has evolved over time, where it stands today, and how it might evolve going forward. Specifically, we examine internationalization research from earlier times to the present day. We contrast the incremental internationalization characteristic of older multinational enterprises with the early, rapid internationalization of born global firms. The paper summarizes the evolution of research on early internationalization and born global firms, and provides evidence to suggest why this area now has attained legitimacy in scholarly research. We then examine important theoretical issues in born global research and suggest avenues for future research. |
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| Keywords: | Internationalization Incremental internationalization Early internationalization Born global firms |
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